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Safety

This section covers the safety aspects of fusion reactors.

Inherent Safety

Section titled “Inherent Safety”

Unlike fission reactors, fusion reactors possess inherent safety characteristics that prevent chain reactions.

  • No runaway possible: Reactions stop immediately when fuel supply is cut off
  • No criticality accidents: Unlike fission, there is no concept of critical mass
  • Low residual heat: Minimal cooling requirements after shutdown

Tritium Safety Management

Section titled “Tritium Safety Management”

Tritium (hydrogen-3) is used as fusion fuel.

  • Half-life: Approximately 12.3 years
  • Radiation: Low-energy beta particles (cannot penetrate skin)
  • Confinement: Multiple barriers prevent leakage
  • Inventory management: Total quantity in the facility is limited

Activation and Waste

Section titled “Activation and Waste”

High-energy neutrons from fusion activate structural materials.

  • Low-activation materials: Decay to recyclable levels within decades to a century
  • No high-level waste: Does not produce long-lived waste like fission reactors
  • Recycling: Future material reuse is possible

Regulatory Framework

Section titled “Regulatory Framework”

Safety regulations for fusion facilities are being developed in various countries.

  • IAEA: Development of international safety standards
  • National regulations: Existing nuclear regulations or new frameworks
  • ITER: Complies with French nuclear regulations as the host country
Section titled “Related Topics”